Supplement Division 5 with the following:
(January 31, 2023 APWA GSP)

5-06  PERVIOUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT

5-06.1  Description
This work shall consist of constructing a pervious cementitious pavement composed of portland cement concrete on a prepared subgrade or subbase in accordance with these Specifications and in conformity with the lines grades, thicknesses, and typical cross-sections shown in the Plans or established by the Engineer.

5-06.2  Materials
Materials shall meet the requirements of the following sections:

Portland Cement	9-01
Aggregates for Portland Cement Concrete	9-03.1
Premolded Joint Filler for Expansion Joints	9-04.1(2)
Curing Materials and Admixtures	9-23
Water	9-25
Hydration stabilizing admixtures shall conform to the requirements of Section 9-23.6(3) or 9-23.6(5).

Synthetic Fibers for Concrete
When specified, synthetic fibers to be included in the mix for portland cement concrete shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D 7508/7508M.

5-06.3  Construction Requirements

5-06.3(1)  Pervious Concrete Preconstruction Meeting
Prior to the start of construction of the pervious concrete pavement section, including excavation of the pavement section, the Contractor shall coordinate, schedule and attend a preconstruction meeting for the pervious concrete pavement. The following are required to attend the meeting:

1.	Contracting Agency representative.

2.	General Contractor’s representative(s).

3.	Engineer of Record for the pervious concrete pavement.

4.	Concrete placement lead person(s).

5.	Associated Subcontractor’s representative.

6.	Pervious concrete Supplier’s representative.

7.	Material Testing Laboratory’s representative.

The meeting shall cover all aspects of the work including, but not limited to: 

1.	Submittals.

2.	Short, and long term, schedule.

3.	Inspection of the Work.

4.	Protection of the Work.

5.	Pervious concrete placement.

6.	Curing.

7.	Materials.

8.	Specifications.

9.	Testing.

10.	Test panel and JMF.

11.	Acceptance criteria.

5-06.3(2)  Pervious Concrete Mix Design
The Contractor shall provide a mix design for pervious concrete and shall submit the mix design to the Engineer in writing. Pervious concrete shall not be placed in the test panels without a mix design that has been reviewed and accepted by the Engineer.

5-06.3(2)A  Mix Design Criteria
The Contractor shall include the following elements and results of the described procedures in the proposed mix design:

1.	A unique identification number for the mix design that is approved for the Job Mix Formula (JMF).

2.	Portland cement and blended hydraulic cement shall meet the requirements of Section 9-01.2(1) except that Type III portland cement, Type IT and Type IL blended hydraulic cements, and rapid hardening hydraulic cement, shall not be used.

3.	The cementitious content, including pozzolans, if used, shall be a minimum of 480 pounds per cubic yard.

4.	The mix shall incorporate a hydration stabilizing admixture.

5.	Synthetic microfibers may be utilized at the manufacturer’s recommended dosage rate.

6.	Internal curing admixtures may be used at the dosage rate recommended by the manufacturer with the approval of the Engineer.

7.	The water / cement ratio shall not exceed 0.35.

8.	No more than 25 percent of portland cement in the mix, by weight, may be replaced by fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, or a combination of both.

9.	Coarse aggregate shall conform to Section 9-03.1(4), AASHTO Grading No.8.

5-06.3(2)B  Job Mix  Formula (JMF)
The approved mix design established through the approved test panel becomes the JMF.

5-06.3(3)  Submittals
In accordance with Section 1-05.3, the Contractor shall submit a Type 3 Working Drawing with the following items to the Engineer prior to placing any pervious concrete pavement:

1.	The source of all materials proposed for use in constructing pervious concrete pavement.

2.	Batch weights for all constituents of one cubic yard of the proposed pervious concrete mix.

3.	The saturated surface dry (SSD) specific gravity of all aggregates to be used in the proposed pervious concrete mix.

4.	The proposed gradation of coarse aggregates used in pervious concrete.

5.	The designed volume in cubic feet of all proposed components for one cubic yard of the proposed pervious concrete mix.

6.	The design water / cement ratio of the proposed mix design.

7.	The fresh density of the proposed pervious concrete mixture as determined by ASTM C1688.

8.	Catalogue cuts and Certificates of Compliance for all proposed admixtures.

9.	Mill Certification of the portland cement and pozzolans, if used, for the current lot to be used in the production of the proposed pervious concrete mix. The Contractor shall maintain this submittal throughout the duration of the project as lots change.

10.	Current certification by the National Ready Mix Concrete Association (NRMCA) for the batch plant(s) to be used in the production of pervious concrete.

11.	Current certifications by the NRMCA for the trucks to be used in transporting pervious concrete from the batch plant to the point of placement.

12.	Qualification documentation for current certifications by the NRMCA for the Contractor’s personnel who will be installing pervious concrete. See Section 5-06.3(10)A. Valid acceptable documentation is the NRMCA issued wallet card or certification certificate.

13.	At the time of delivery of the material to the site, the Contractor shall provide an original Certificate of Compliance for each truckload of pervious concrete. The Certificate of Compliance shall include information noted in Section 6-02.3(5)B. If the Certificate of Compliance from the concrete producer is not provided to the Engineer upon delivery, the truckload shall not be placed.

5-06.3(4)  Equipment
Equipment necessary for handling materials, mixing, delivering, and performing all parts of the Work, shall be in good repair, designed for the task, and operated by trained and qualified personnel.

5-06.3(4)A  Batching Plant and Equipment
Pervious concrete shall be centrally mixed. Batch plants for pervious concrete shall be prequalified in accordance with Section 6-02.3(4)A. Pervious concrete shall not be truck mixed or shrink mixed.

5-06.3(4)B  Mixer Trucks
Pervious concrete shall be transported to the location by truck mixers, non-agitating trucks shall not be used for the transport of pervious concrete.  The drums on mixer trucks used to transport pervious concrete shall have fins that are not excessively worn, damaged or have excessive concrete buildup.  Mixer trucks shall be prequalified in accordance with Section 6-02.3(4)A.

5-06.3(4)C  Side Forms
Pervious concrete shall be placed in stationary forms. If pervious concrete is to be placed against a curb, previously placed concrete, or other existing structure, they may be used as a side form for the pervious concrete paving. Forms for pervious concrete shall be made of steel or wood and shall be in good condition and shall be capable of being anchored in place so that they will be true to grade, line, and slope. Forms shall be sufficiently rigid to maintain specified tolerances and capable of supporting concrete and mechanical concrete placing equipment. Forms shall be in good condition, straight, clean, free of debris, non-adherent rust, and hardened concrete.

Set, align, and brace forms so that the hardened pavement meets the lines, grades and slopes as shown in the drawings. Apply form-release agent to the form face, which will be in contact with concrete, immediately before placing concrete. Form release agent shall not be applied to previously placed concrete. Previously placed pavement shall be protected from damage.

The Contractor shall inspect all forms for line, grade and slope.  No pervious concrete shall be placed until the forms have been inspected by the Engineer.

5-06.3(4)D  Finishing Equipment
Finishing equipment for pervious concrete paving shall be designed for the intended work, shall be clean and in good operating condition.

Equipment used for striking off the pervious concrete shall leave a smooth surface at the planned grades and shall not cause excess paste to be left on, or drawn to, the surface. If rollers or spinning screeds are used to compact, they shall be of sufficient weight and width to compact the pervious concrete uniformly through its depth and to grade without marring the surface. Equipment used for compacting pervious concrete shall not cause the surface to close or otherwise clog and shall produce a surface that is free of ridges or other imperfections. Tools used for producing joints shall be designed and manufactured for the purpose and shall not otherwise damage or mar the surface.

Vibrating equipment shall not be used for placement or compaction of pervious concrete.

5-06.3(5)  Measuring and Batching Materials
Measuring and batching materials for pervious concrete pavement shall conform to the requirements of Section 5-05.3(4).

5-06.3(6)  Acceptance
For acceptance, pervious concrete pavement will be divided into lots as follows:  A single lot is represented by the lesser of: one day’s production or 360 square yards of pervious concrete in place. Where the Contractor has more than one crew placing pervious concrete, individual lots will be associated with each crew.  Representative lot size will be determined to the nearest square yard. If no sample is taken on a day, that day’s quantities may be included in the next or previous day's lot(s). The Engineer may isolate an area of pervious concrete within a lot that does not meet Contract requirements and the area will be considered a separate lot for purposes of acceptance. Lots determined in this manner shall be extended as necessary such that they are bounded by planned joints. Acceptance of a lot of pervious concrete pavement will be based on the following criteria:

1.	Grade: Conform to the dimensions, lines, slopes and grades specified on the plans. Pervious concrete pavement shall be true to planned grades and cross slopes and shall not deviate from grade more than ¼ inch in ten feet.

2.	Conformance to JMF: The pervious concrete pavement used shall conform to the mix design for the JMF within the limits as set forth in Section 6-02.3(5)C and as determined from the accepted test panel.

3.	Compacted Depth and Average Hardened Density: After a minimum of seven calendar days of curing, obtain three random core samples from each lot by removing cores in accordance with ASTM C42/C42M and measure the length of each core in accordance with ASTM C1542/1542M. No single core length shall be deficient by more than 3/4 inch of the design depth as shown on the plans. The average length of all cores from a lot shall be within minus 3/8 inch of the design depth as shown on the plans. After the length is measured, measure hardened density of each core in the lot in accordance with ASTM C1754/C1754M.  The hardened density from a lot must be within +/- 5 percent of the average hardened density of the JMF (approved test panel). Core holes shall be filled by the Contractor with pervious concrete meeting the JMF and shall match adjacent pavement color, texture and grade.

4.	Infiltration Rate: The infiltration rate at any single test point shall not be less than 100 inches per hour when tested in accordance with Section 5-06.3(6)A.

5.	Fresh Density: The fresh density of each lot will be measured by ASTM C1688 at the point of placement shall be within +/- five pounds per cubic foot of the fresh density determined from the JMF (approved test panel).

6.	Appearance: The appearance of each lot shall be consistent with the JMF (approved test panel). The pervious concrete pavement shall have a consistent surface texture, shall not be raveled, shall be free of ridges or other surface imperfections, shall have joints that are in the specified location and are constructed per specification, and shall be free of cracks.

Testing for acceptance will be performed by the Engineer.

5-06.3(6)A  Infiltration Rate of the Placed Pavement
The infiltration rate of the pervious concrete shall be determined at four random locations within each lot. The locations for conducting infiltration tests will be determined by the Engineer. The Contractor shall coordinate and schedule testing with the Engineer a minimum of five Working Days in advance of the infiltration testing. The infiltration rate on the finished surface will be determined in accordance with ASTM C1701, except the infiltration ring diameter may be 12-inches to 24-inches in diameter. The infiltration test will be conducted after a minimum of seven calendar days of curing has occurred.

If the measured infiltration rate is less than 100 inches/hour at any test location, the Contractor may request in writing that the Engineer perform additional infiltration tests for the purpose of assessing overall infiltration performance and/or determining a defective lot in accordance with Section 5-06.3(6). The determination of a defective lot, or lots, and the extent(s), will be determined by the Engineer. The cost of additional testing shall be the responsibility of the Contractor at a cost of ***$$1$$*** per test.

5-06.3(7)  Rejection
Pervious concrete may be rejected by the Contractor for any reason at no expense to the Contracting Agency.

A truckload of pervious concrete will be rejected if the Certificate of Compliance in accordance with 5-06.3(3) is not provided at the time of delivery of the material to the site.

Pervious concrete that is improperly cured or is allowed to freeze during the initial seven day curing period will be rejected.

A lot of pervious concrete pavement that does not meet the requirements in Section 5-06.3(6) will be rejected.

During the removal process of the rejected pavement, the Contractor shall implement measures to protect the adjacent pervious concrete pavement to remain. If pervious concrete pavement becomes damaged by the Contractor during removal of the rejected pavement, then additional pavement areas may be rejected by the Engineer to the next planned joint.

Fresh pervious concrete that has been rejected by the Engineer, or the Contractor, shall not be placed, or shall be removed and replaced, at no additional cost.

5-06.3(8)  Mixing Pervious Concrete
Batch, mix and deliver pervious concrete in compliance with ASTM C94/C94M except that pervious concrete shall not be transit mixed or shrink mixed. If water is added to the mix after it is delivered on site, the fresh density for the pervious concrete shall meet the requirements of the approved JMF referenced in this section.

5-06.3(8)A  Limitations of Mixing Pervious Concrete
Mixing and placing concrete shall be discontinued when a descending air temperature in the shade away from artificial heat reaches 40º F and shall not be resumed until an ascending air temperature in the shade and away from artificial heat reaches 40ºF.

The temperature of fresh pervious concrete shall not be less than 55° F, nor more than 90°F when placed.

Pervious concrete shall not be mixed with aggregates having a temperature less than 32°F.

5-06.3(9)  Subgrade Preparation and Subbase
Prepare and protect subgrade in accordance with Section 2-06.

Prepare and protect subbase in accordance with Section 4-04.

5-06.3(10)  Placing, Spreading, Finishing, Edging, Tolerances and Curing
Pervious concrete shall not be placed, compacted or finished when the natural light is inadequate, unless an adequate lighting system is in operation. The adequacy of light will be determined by the Engineer.

Wet the surface of the subbase with water immediately before placing pervious concrete. Deposit concrete either directly from the transporting equipment or by conveyor on the subbase, unless otherwise specified. Pervious concrete shall not be placed on frozen subbase. Deposit concrete between the forms to an approximately uniform height. Spread the concrete using mechanized equipment or hand tools.

Strike off concrete between forms using a form-riding paving machine, roller screed, or spinning screed.

Compact concrete to a uniformly dense structure without clogging the surface with paste.

Finish the pervious concrete to a uniform, open-textured surface to match the appearance of the approved JMF test panel.

Edges shall be hand tooled to a radius of ¼ inch.

Curing materials for pervious concrete shall be in place no more than 20 minutes of discharge onto the subbase. The pavement surface and all exposed edges shall be completely covered with sheet curing materials conforming to Section 9-23.1. The curing material shall be secured at all exterior edges and interior laps without damaging the pervious concrete. The method of securing the curing material shall prevent wind from removing the sheet and from blowing under the sheet across the surface of the concrete. Cure the pavement continuously for a minimum of seven days.

All traffic (foot and vehicular), staging, stockpiling or other work shall be kept off of the pervious concrete pavement during the curing period.

5-06.3(10)A  Contractor’s Qualifications
The contractor shall employ no less than one National Ready Mixed Concrete Association (NRMCA) certified Pervious Concrete Craftsman for each crew, who must be on site, over-seeing the work during all pervious concrete placement; or employ no less than three NRMCA Certified Pervious Concrete Installers per crew, who must be on site working during each pervious concrete placement. The minimum number of certified individuals must be present on each crew for every pervious concrete placement, including the test panel placements, and a certified individual must be in charge of the placement crew and procedures.

If personnel used for installing pervious concrete are unqualified, inattentive to quality, or unsafe, they shall be removed or reassigned from installation of pervious concrete at the written request of the Engineer.

5-06.3(10)B  Test Panel
Production placement of pervious concrete shall not occur until the Contractor has completed a test panel of pervious concrete pavement that meets all of the acceptance criteria described herein and accepted by the Engineer.

The Contractor shall construct a test panel utilizing a minimum of seven cubic yards of pervious concrete. If multiple pavement section depths are shown on the plans, a test panel shall be constructed for each pavement section depth/thickness.  The width of the test panel shall have a width no smaller than the greatest width to be constructed on the project.  The test panel(s) shall include at least one joint and at the spacing specified on the plans and specifications.  Test panels may be placed non-contiguously. The test panel(s) shall be equivalent and representative of the production pervious concrete pavement in all aspects including subbase, depth, joints, method of placement, curing, and preparation. Construction and evaluation of the test panel shall occur as follows:

1.	Notify the Engineer at least ten Working Days before installing pervious concrete test panels.

2.	Coordinate the location of the test panel with the Engineer.

3.	Install the test panel in accordance with the Specifications and Plans.

4.	Notify the Engineer when the test panel is ready for inspection and acceptance testing.

5.	Acceptance testing will be conducted in accordance with Section 5-06.3(6).

6.	Remove, replace, and dispose of any unsatisfactory portions of test panels as determined by the Engineer, at no additional cost to the Contracting Agency.

Failure to install acceptable test panel(s) of pervious concrete will indicate an unapproved test panel(s) and require new test panel(s) for review.

The completed and approved test panel(s) shall establish the JMF.

The approved test panel shall meet the requirements of Section 5-06.3(6).

Upon successful completion of the infiltration test, unless otherwise determined by the Engineer, three cores will be obtained in accordance with ASTM C42 and will be used to validate the mix design under the acceptance criteria of Section 5-06.3(6). Cores shall be taken at the same location where the infiltration test was conducted. The average hardened density of the cores shall be the hardened density used for the JMF. The hardened density of each core used for determining the JMF shall be within five percent of the mean value of the three cores. Core holes shall be filled by the Contractor with pervious concrete meeting the proposed JMF and shall match adjacent pavement color, texture and grade.

The completed and accepted test panels shall be maintained and protected throughout the duration of the Work and may not be demolished and disposed of without written permission from the Engineer. If the test panel(s) is incorporated into the Work, it shall remain in place accepted as a single lot.

5-06.3(11)  Joints
Construct joints at the locations, depths and with horizontal dimensions indicated on plans unless noted otherwise in this section. Joints shall be of three types: construction, contraction, and isolation. Construction joints shall be formed at the end of a day’s work or when necessary to stop production for any reason. Contraction joints shall be used to control random cracking. Isolation joints shall be used where the pervious concrete abuts existing facilities or where shown on the Plans.

5-06.3(11)A  Construction Joints
Construction joints shall be located at the location of a planned contraction or isolation joint. Construction joints are to be formed by placing a header between the forms, at right angles, to the full depth of the finished pervious concrete, and set to the height of the forms. Pervious concrete shall be placed against the header and compacted and finished as normal, including edging. The header shall remain in place until paving resumes.  

5-06.3(11)B  Contraction Joints
Contraction joints (transverse and longitudinal) shall be constructed at the locations and intervals shown in the Plans. Contraction joints shall be a depth of 1/3 the thickness of the pervious concrete pavement section and have a width of no more than 1/4 inch.

Plastic formed contraction joints shall be tooled on both sides of the joint with a radius of ½ inch. Tool joint to the depth and width in fresh concrete immediately after the concrete is compacted.

Contraction joints may be saw cut. Sawcutting shall occur as soon as the pervious concrete surface can be traversed without marring and when saw cutting can be performed without raveling or dislodging aggregate. Curing measures shall only be removed to the extent that saw cutting may be performed and shall be immediately replaced when the joint is cut. Slurry from saw cutting shall be vacuumed immediately with the saw cutting operation and shall not be allowed to accumulate or otherwise infiltrate or clog the pervious concrete. The minimum width of a saw cut joint shall be 1/8 inch. 

5-06.3(11)C  Isolation Joints
Isolation joints shall be placed where the pervious concrete abuts existing structures or where shown on the Plans. Isolation joints shall continue through the depth of the pervious concrete using a 3/8 inch premolded joint filler meeting the requirements of Section 9-04.1(2). Isolation joints may be formed by forming a construction joint and affixing the premolded joint filler against one side of the joint and placing fresh pervious concrete against it. Isolation joints and filler shall be flush with the surrounding pervious concrete and shall not deviate from the acceptance criteria for smoothness as shown in Section 5-06.3(6). The edge of the pervious concrete adjacent the premolded joint filler shall be hand tooled with a ½ inch radius.

5-06.3(12)  Cold Weather Work
When concrete is being placed and the ambient air temperature is expected to drop below 35°F during the day or night, the Contractor shall protect the concrete from freezing. The Contractor shall submit for approval a Cold Weather Plan prior to placing concrete when ambient air temperature below 35°F is anticipated, or when requested by the Engineer. When a Cold Weather Plan is required, pervious concrete shall not be placed without an approved Cold Weather Plan.

Under the Cold Weather Plan, the Contractor shall provide a sufficient supply of straw, hay, blankets, or other suitable blanketing material and spread it over the pavement to a sufficient depth to prevent freezing of the concrete. The blanket material shall be placed on top of the sheet curing materials and covered with a layer of burlap or plastic sheeting, weighted or anchored to prevent the wind from displacing the insulation. At no time during the curing period shall the temperature of the pervious concrete be allowed to drop below 55°F. The Engineer may require recording thermometers if daytime temperature is below 50°F. The curing period may be extended by the Engineer if the pervious concrete temperature has been allowed to drop below 55°F.

The cold weather protection shall be maintained for seven days.

5-06.3(13)  Protection of Pervious Concrete Pavement
As part of the Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention plan (SWPPP), rain runoff, surface water of any kind and sediment shall be prevented from entering the area of pervious concrete construction, including excavation, until the pervious concrete application has cured, testing is completed and determined to meet specifications, and the adjacent areas that sheet flow/drain onto the pervious concrete are permanently stabilized from erosion and/or plantings are established. Once pavement is placed, flow diversion measures and protective covers shall continually be maintained until adjacent areas are permanently stabilized and concrete has been accepted. Construction vehicular traffic shall not be allowed onto the pervious concrete pavement.

The pavement may be opened to vehicular traffic after the pervious concrete has cured for at least seven uninterrupted days, all testing has been completed, and the pavement has been accepted by the Engineer.

The Contractor shall take every precaution to protect the pervious concrete pavement from damage, including the introduction of foreign materials to the surface, throughout the course of the work. Pervious concrete pavement that is damaged or has been adversely impacted by the introduction of foreign materials shall be remediated to the satisfaction of the Engineer or rejected and replaced to the nearest joint.

5-06.4  Measurement
Measurement for “Pervious Concrete Sidewalk” will be by the square yard of finished surface of pervious concrete sidewalk. No measurement will be made for blocked out areas, castings or other discontinuities in the sidewalk nine square feet or larger.

Measurement for “Pervious Concrete Pavement” will be by the square yard of the finished surface of pervious concrete pavement.  No measurement will be made for blocked out areas, castings or other discontinuities in the pavement nine square feet or larger.

5-06.5  Payment
Payment will be made in accordance with Section 1-04.1, for each of the following Bid Items that are included in the Proposal:

“Pervious Concrete Sidewalk”, per square yard.
The Unit contract price per square yard for “Pervious Concrete Sidewalk” shall be full pay for furnishing all labor, tools, equipment and materials required to construct the pervious concrete sidewalk as specified in this Section, including but not limited to; performing mix designs, and placing pervious concrete.

“Pervious Concrete Pavement”, per square yard.
The Unit contract price for “Pervious Concrete Pavement” shall be full pay for furnishing all labor, tools, equipment and materials required to construct the pervious concrete pavement as specified in this Section, including but not limited to, performing mix designs, and placing pervious concrete.